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Physics Classroom is making strides to make our site accessible to everyone. Our site contains 6 navigation areas. The Primary, Secondary, and Page Level navigations have a screen reader version of their nav structure that allows using the left and right keys to navigate sibling navigation items, and up or down keys to navigate parent or child navigation items. The others can be navigated using tabs. The Primary Navigation handles the first 2 levels of site pages. The Secondary (which is not always available) handles the 3rd and 4th level of structure. The Page level navigation allows you to navigate the current page's headings quickly. The Header Navigation contains the Light/Dark Mode toggle, Search, Notifications and account login. The Breadcrumb Navigation contains the breadcrumb of the current page. If the current page has a breadcrumb, you can get to it by skipping to the content and tabbing in reverse (shift plus tab). The Footer Navigation contains links such as Privacy, Contact, about and terms. Some resources contain an Audio Player that can be activated by holding down the T key for 3 seconds, and then using K to pause and resume. While not every area of Physics Classroom is usable purely from keyboard and screen reader, we are committed to continue work on making this possible. If you have questions or need additional help, please use this link to contact us.

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Interactive - Fluids

Explore the effect of the cross-sectional area of a pipe upon the flow velocity within the pipe with our Continuity Equation simulation. Similarly, explore the effect of a constricted cross-section upon the flow velocity and fluid pressure with our Venturi Effect simulation. And finally, investigate the effects that the height of a pipe has upon fluid flow properties with our Bernoulli's Equation simulation.

Activities

Bernoulli's Equation Simulation

How does a change in height and cross-sectional area of a pipe affect the fluid pressure and the fluid velocity? It's never been easier to find out than with our Bernoulli's Equation simulation. We'll provide the pipes, the fluid(s), the meters, and the numbers. You provide the spirit of exploration. Tap that link and let the exploring begin!

Bernoulli's Equation Simulation

Special thanks to Kirby!

The Continuity Equation

We know you've been searching for adjustable area pipes with flow-meters to study the Continuity Equation. Call off the search and save your dollars. We have what you've been looking for. Now you can quickly and easily study the effect of the cross-sectional area of a piple upon the speed at which fluid flows through the pipe. Tap the link and explore!

The Continuity Equation

Special thanks to Kirby!

Venturi Equation Simulation

What happens if a horizontal tube is equipped with a constricted section such that the diameter and cross-sectional area decreases? How does this constriction affect the flow rate and the flow velocity? Does the fluid speed up, slow down, or maintain its speed? And how does this constriction in the diameter of the pipe affect the fluid pressures? And what's the mathematics associated with this effect? That's enough questions! It's time for answers. Tap the link and begin.

Venturi Equation Simulation

Special thanks to Kirby!

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