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Physics Classroom is making strides to make our site accessible to everyone. Our site contains 6 navigation areas. The Primary, Secondary, and Page Level navigations have a screen reader version of their nav structure that allows using the left and right keys to navigate sibling navigation items, and up or down keys to navigate parent or child navigation items. The others can be navigated using tabs. The Primary Navigation handles the first 2 levels of site pages. The Secondary (which is not always available) handles the 3rd and 4th level of structure. The Page level navigation allows you to navigate the current page's headings quickly. The Header Navigation contains the Light/Dark Mode toggle, Search, Notifications and account login. The Breadcrumb Navigation contains the breadcrumb of the current page. If the current page has a breadcrumb, you can get to it by skipping to the content and tabbing in reverse (shift plus tab). The Footer Navigation contains links such as Privacy, Contact, about and terms. Some resources contain an Audio Player that can be activated by holding down the T key for 3 seconds, and then using K to pause and resume. While not every area of Physics Classroom is usable purely from keyboard and screen reader, we are committed to continue work on making this possible. If you have questions or need additional help, please use this link to contact us.

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Lewis Structures - Directions

Using the Lewis Structures Concept Builder is quite simple. There are three activities in all. In the first activity, you have to determine the number of valence electrons in a compound when given the compound formula. You can enter the number directly into the answer field. Or tap on the icon for our built-in Number Pad and punch in the number from there. Once you are satisfied with your answer, tap on the Check Answer button. You will receive immediate feedback and your Progress Report will be updated.

In the second and third activities, you are presented with the formulas for three compounds (or ions) and a corresponding Lewis Structure. You will have to determine if the Lewis Structure is correct. Give attention to the number of valence electrons in the formula and the number shown in the Lewis Structure. Also give attention to the duet rule (for Hydrogen) and the octet rule. Tap on all the incorrect Lewis Structures to select them as part of your answer. Select all that are incorrect. If you change your mind, you can tap a second tmie to deselect the Lewis Structure. Whenever one or more Lewis Strucutres are selected, a Check Answer button will appear. If you are satisfied with your answer, then tap on the Check Answer button. Your answer will be evaluated and your Progress Report will be updated. If you are not certain of your choice, then you can continue tapping until you are.

Your goal is to earn "Stars" and to complete one or more difficulty levels. Stars are earned when you show success on a particular question. Once you show success on all the questions for a particular difficulty level, you will earn the trophy for that level.

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