Notes
The Stepping Up to PE and KE Concept Builder is an adjustable-size file that displays nicely on smart phones, on tablets such as the iPad, on Chromebooks, and on laptops and desktops. The size of the Concept Builder can be scaled to fit the device that it is displayed on. The compatibility with smart phones, iPads, other tablets, and Chromebooks make it a perfect tool for use in a 1:1 classroom.
Teaching Ideas and Suggestions
This Concept Builder is intended for use in the early to middle stages of a learning cycle on potential energy and energy conservation. There are three highly scaffolded difficulty levels which present numerical information regarding potential energy (PE) for 3 steps (Apprentice Level), 4 steps (Master Level) or 5 steps (Wizard Level) of a staircase. Students must use the provided value of PE to determine the PE on the other equal-height stair steps. And they must determine the KE if the ball is dropped off (Apprentice level) or is projected off (Master and Wizard levels) the back of the stairs and free falls to the ground. This last part is a very simple introduction to the idea of energy conservation and transformation of energy between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.
We recommend all three difficulty levels, beginning with the easiest. Students will quickly gain an understanding that the PE and the height are directly related. You will need to prep students on how to use energy conservation to determine the KE values for a ball falling or projected off the back of the staircase. Student misses are tracked and use to determine a Health Rating. The Health Rating is published at the completion of the difficulty level. The formula for determining a Health Rating is shown on a separate page. Students can repeat the exercise as many times as needed to improve their grade above a minimum-required level. Task Tracker Note: as of this time, we do not collect information regarding the Health Penalty in our Task Tracker database.
This Concept Builder was intended as an in-class activity or as an assigned out-of-class activity for those classrooms subscribed to Task Tracker. After some lab work, some discussion of how to analyze energy values, and some guided practice, allow students to try it for themselves. Teachers using the Concept Builder with their classes should preview the activity (or view the Questions in a separate file) in order to judge which difficulty levels would be most appropriate for their students.
We recommend all three difficulty levels, beginning with the easiest. Students will quickly gain an understanding that the PE and the height are directly related. You will need to prep students on how to use energy conservation to determine the KE values for a ball falling or projected off the back of the staircase. Student misses are tracked and use to determine a Health Rating. The Health Rating is published at the completion of the difficulty level. The formula for determining a Health Rating is shown on a separate page. Students can repeat the exercise as many times as needed to improve their grade above a minimum-required level. Task Tracker Note: as of this time, we do not collect information regarding the Health Penalty in our Task Tracker database.
This Concept Builder was intended as an in-class activity or as an assigned out-of-class activity for those classrooms subscribed to Task Tracker. After some lab work, some discussion of how to analyze energy values, and some guided practice, allow students to try it for themselves. Teachers using the Concept Builder with their classes should preview the activity (or view the Questions in a separate file) in order to judge which difficulty levels would be most appropriate for their students.
Health Bar
Students can complete as much of the table as they wish before checking their answers. And they can check their answers as many times as they wish. Feedback regarding the correctness of their answers is immediate and provided using a color-coding system. Correct answers are displayed in a table cell with a green background; these correct answers become locked and cannot be changed. Incorrect answers are displayed in a table cell with a red background. Each time students check their answers, the number of missed answers is determined. A running tally is kept of the number of misses. When a student accurately completes the table, a Health rating is displayed on the screen. The Health rating is dependent upon the number of misses. Formulas for computing the Health rating are discussed on a separate page. The Health rating is also displayed on the Main Menu screen for any completed difficulty level. A student can always repeat a difficulty level in order to improve their Health rating for that level. The best Health rating is always displayed on the Main Menu screen below the trophy for that difficulty level.
We leave it to the discretion of individual teachers as to what they wish to do with the Health rating information. We recognize that there will be some teachers who feel most comfortable with their students in simply requiring that a difficulty level be completed and trophy be earned. Other teachers may wish to require completion of a difficulty level with a minimum Health rating. For instance, such teachers may require that each difficulty level be completed with a 70% or higher Health rating. Still other teachers may tie the Health rating into a grade or allow a homework pass for completing an activity that exceeds a 90% Health rating. Decisions as to what to do with the Health rating are best left for individual teachers who know their students the best.
We leave it to the discretion of individual teachers as to what they wish to do with the Health rating information. We recognize that there will be some teachers who feel most comfortable with their students in simply requiring that a difficulty level be completed and trophy be earned. Other teachers may wish to require completion of a difficulty level with a minimum Health rating. For instance, such teachers may require that each difficulty level be completed with a 70% or higher Health rating. Still other teachers may tie the Health rating into a grade or allow a homework pass for completing an activity that exceeds a 90% Health rating. Decisions as to what to do with the Health rating are best left for individual teachers who know their students the best.
Health Bar
The most valuable (and most overlooked) aspect of this Concept Builder is the Help Me! feature. Each question group is accompanied by a Help page that discusses the specifics of the question. This Help feature transforms the activity from a question-answering activity into a concept-building activity. The student who takes the time to use the Help pages can be transformed from a guesser to a learner and from an unsure student to a confident student. The "meat and potatoes" of the Help pages are in the sections titled "How to Think About This Situation:" Students need to be encouraged by teachers to use the Help Me! button and to read this section of the page. A student that takes time to reflect upon how they are answering the question and how an expert would think about the situation can transform their naivete into expertise.
Related Resources
There are numerous resources at The Physics Classroom website that serve as very complementary supports for the Stepping Up to PE and KE Concept Builder. These include:
- Reading:
Most of Lesson 2 of the Work, Energy, and Power Chapter of the Tutorial is a perfect accompaniment to this Concept Builder. The following pages will be particularly useful in the early stages of the learning cycle on various forms of energy or energy storage modes:
Analysis of Situations in Which Mechanical Energy is Conserved
Bar Chart Illustrations
- Minds On Physics Internet Modules:
The Minds On Physics Internet Modules include a collection of interactive questioning modules that help learners assess their understanding of physics concepts and solidify those understandings by answering questions that require higher-order thinking. Missions WE3, WE7, and WE8 of the Work and Energy module provide great complements and extensions to this Concept Builder. They are best used in the middle to later stages of the learning cycle. Visit the Minds On Physics Internet Modules.
- Physics Interactives:
The Physics Interactives section of our website include numerous interactive physics simulations that allow a student to visualize and explore various physical concepts. The Work and Energy chapter of the Physics Interactives includes several simulations that will serve as great extensions to this Concept Builder. Most simulations come with one or more Activity pages which are convenient for classroom use and utilize a guided inquiry approach to the use of the simulation. The following Interactives would be of interest to most teachers:
It's All Uphill
Stopping Distance
Roller Coaster Model
Work-Energy Bar Charts
Visit Physics Interactives
- Curriculum/Practice: Several Concept Development worksheets at the Curriculum Corner will be very useful in assisting students in cultivating their understanding, most notably ...
Energy
Energy Concepts
Work-Energy Relationships
Work-Energy Calculations
Visit the Curriculum Corner - Work and Energy
Additional resources and ideas for incorporating Stepping Up to PE and KE into an instructional unit on Work and Energy can be found at the Teacher Toolkits section of The Physics Classroom website. Visit Teacher Toolkits.