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Reference Tables and Other Information
Standard Heat of Formation Values
Standard heat of formation values indicate the enthalpy change for forming one mole of a substance in the standard state (T=298.15 K, P = 1 atm) from its pure elements. Learn more on our Tutorial page.
| Substance |
∆Hf (kJ/mol) |
| Ag(g) |
284.9 |
| Ag(s) |
0 |
| Ag+(aq) |
105.8 |
| Ag2CO3(s) |
-505.8 |
| Ag2O(s) |
-31.1 |
| Ag2S(s) |
-32.6 |
| AgBr(s) |
-100.4 |
| AgCl(s) |
-127 |
| AgCN(s) |
146 |
| AgF(s) |
-204.6 |
| AgI(s) |
-61.8 |
| AgNO3(s) |
-124.4 |
| Al(g) |
330 |
| Al(OH)3(s) |
-1277 |
| Al(OH)4-(aq) |
-1490 |
| Al(s) |
0 |
| Al2O3(s) |
-1675.7 |
| AlBr3(s) |
-527.2 |
| AlCl3(s) |
-704.5 |
| AlF3(s) |
-1510.4 |
| AlI3(s) |
-302.9 |
| AlPO4(s) |
-1733.8 |
| Ar(g) |
0 |
| B(g) |
565 |
| B(s) |
0 |
| B2S3(s) |
-240.6 |
| Ba(g) |
180 |
| Ba(s) |
0 |
| BaBr2(s) |
-757.3 |
| BaCl2(s) |
-855 |
| BaCO3(s) |
-1213 |
| BaF2(s) |
-1207.1 |
| BaH2(s) |
-177 |
| BaI2(s) |
-602.1 |
| BaO(s) |
-548 |
| BaSO4(s) |
-1473.2 |
| Be(g) |
324 |
| Be(OH)2(s) |
-902.5 |
| Be(s) |
0 |
| BeBr2(s) |
-353.5 |
| BeCl2(s) |
-490.4 |
| BeF2(s) |
-1026.8 |
| BeI2(s) |
-192.5 |
| BeO(s) |
-609.4 |
| BeSO4(s) |
-1205.2 |
| BH(g) |
442.7 |
| BH3(g) |
89.2 |
| Bi(g) |
207.1 |
| Bi(s) |
0 |
| Bi2O3(s) |
-573.9 |
| BiCl3(s) |
-379.1 |
| Br-(aq) |
-121.4 |
| Br(g) |
111.9 |
| Br2(g) |
30.9 |
| Br2(l) |
0 |
| BrCl(g) |
14.6 |
| BrF(g) |
-93.8 |
| BrF3(g) |
-1136 |
| C(g) |
716.7 |
| C(s, diamond) |
1.9 |
| C(s, graphite) |
0 |
| Ca(g) |
177.8 |
| Ca(OH)2(s) |
-985.2 |
| Ca(s) |
0 |
| CaCl2(s) |
-795.4 |
| CaCN(s) |
-184.5 |
| CaCO3(s, aragonite) |
-1207.8 |
| CaCO3(s, calcite) |
-1207.6 |
| CaF2(s) |
-1228 |
| CaH2(s) |
-181.5 |
| CaI2(s) |
-533.5 |
| CaO(s) |
-634.9 |
| CaSO4(s) |
-1434.5 |
| CBr4(g) |
83.9 |
| CBr4(s) |
29.4 |
| CCl2F2(g) |
-477.4 |
| CCl2O(g) |
-219.1 |
| CCl4(g) |
-95.7 |
| CCl4(l) |
-128.2 |
| Cd(g) |
111.8 |
| Cd(s) |
0 |
| CdBr2(s) |
-316.2 |
| CdCl2(s) |
-391.5 |
| CdCO3(s) |
-750.6 |
| CdF2(s) |
-700.4 |
| CdS(s) |
-161.9 |
| CdSO4(s) |
-933.3 |
| CF4(g) |
-933.6 |
| Cl-(aq) |
-167.1 |
| Cl(g) |
121.3 |
| Cl2(g) |
0 |
| Cl2O(g) |
80.3 |
| ClF(g) |
-50.3 |
| ClF3(g) |
-163.2 |
| ClO2(g) |
89.1 |
| CO(g) |
-110.5 |
| Co(g) |
424.7 |
| Co(s) |
0 |
| CO2(g) |
-393.5 |
| CoCl2(s) |
-312.5 |
| Cr(g) |
396.6 |
| Cr(s) |
0 |
| Cr2O3(s) |
-1139.7 |
| CrCl2(s) |
-395.4 |
| CrCl3(s) |
-556.5 |
| CrO2(g) |
-598 |
| CrO3(g) |
-292.9 |
| Cs(g) |
76.5 |
| Cs(s) |
0 |
| CS2(g) |
116.7 |
| CS2(l) |
89 |
| CsCl(s) |
-443 |
| Cu(g) |
337.4 |
| Cu(s) |
0 |
| Cu2O(s) |
-168.6 |
| Cu2S(s) |
-79.5 |
| CuBr(s) |
-104.6 |
| CuBr2(s) |
-141.8 |
| CuCl(s) |
-137.2 |
| CuCl2(s) |
-220.1 |
| CuCN(s) |
96.2 |
| CuO(s) |
-157.3 |
| CuS(s) |
-53.1 |
| CuSO4(s) |
-771.4 |
| F-(aq) |
-335.4 |
| F(g) |
79.4 |
| F2(g) |
0 |
| F2O(g) |
24.5 |
| FB(g) |
-122.2 |
| Fe(g) |
416.3 |
| Fe(s) |
0 |
| Fe2+(aq) |
-89.1 |
| Fe2O3(s) |
-824.2 |
| Fe3+(aq) |
-48.5 |
| Fe3C(s) |
25.1 |
| Fe3O4(s) |
-1118.4 |
| FeBr2(s) |
-249.8 |
| FeBr3(s) |
-268.2 |
| FeCl2(s) |
-341.8 |
| FeCl3(s) |
-399.5 |
| FeCO3(s) |
-740.6 |
| FeO(s) |
-272 |
| FeS2(s) |
-178.2 |
| FO(g) |
109 |
| H(g) |
218 |
| H+(aq) |
0 |
| H2(g) |
0 |
| H2O(g) |
-241.8 |
| H2O(l) |
-285.8 |
| H2O2(g) |
-136.3 |
| H2O2(l) |
-187.8 |
| H2S(g) |
-20.6 |
| H2Se(g) |
29.7 |
| H2SO4(aq) |
-909.3 |
| H2SO4(l) |
-814 |
| H3PO4(l) |
-1271.7 |
| H3PO4(s) |
-1284.4 |
| HBr(aq) |
-121.6 |
| HBr(g) |
-36.3 |
| HCl(aq) |
-167.2 |
| HCl(g) |
-92.3 |
| HCN(g) |
135.1 |
| HCN(l) |
108.9 |
| He(g) |
0 |
| HF(aq) |
-332.6 |
| HF(g) |
-273.3 |
| Hg(g) |
61.4 |
| Hg(l) |
0 |
| Hg2(g) |
108.8 |
| Hg2Br2(s) |
-206.9 |
| Hg2Cl2(s) |
-265.4 |
| Hg2I2(s) |
-121.3 |
| Hg2SO4(s) |
-743.1 |
| HgBr2(s) |
-170.7 |
| HgCl2(s) |
-224.3 |
| HgI2(s) |
-105.4 |
| HgO(s) |
-90.8 |
| HgS(s, red) |
-58.2 |
| HgSO4(s) |
-707.5 |
| HI(aq) |
-55.2 |
| HI(g) |
26.5 |
| HIO3(s) |
-230.1 |
| HNO2(g) |
-79.5 |
| HNO3(aq) |
-207.4 |
| HNO3(g) |
-133.9 |
| HNO3(l) |
-174.1 |
| I-(aq) |
-56.8 |
| I(g) |
106.8 |
| I2(g) |
62.4 |
| I2(s) |
0 |
| IBr(g) |
40.8 |
| ICl(g) |
17.8 |
| IF(g) |
-95.7 |
| K(g) |
89 |
| K(s) |
0 |
| K2CO3(s) |
-1151 |
| K2O(s) |
-361.5 |
| K2O2(s) |
-494.1 |
| K2SO4(s) |
-1437.8 |
| KBr(s) |
-393.8 |
| KCl(s) |
-436.5 |
| KClO3(s) |
-397.7 |
| KF(s) |
-567.3 |
| KI(s) |
-327.9 |
| KMnO4(s) |
-837.2 |
| KNO2(s) |
-369.8 |
| KNO3(s) |
-494.6 |
| Kr(g) |
0 |
| KSCN(s) |
-200.2 |
| Li(g) |
159.3 |
| Li(s) |
0 |
| Li+(aq) |
-278.5 |
| Li2O(s) |
-597.9 |
| LiBr(s) |
-351.2 |
| LiCl(s) |
-408.6 |
| LiF(s) |
-616 |
| LiI(s) |
-270.4 |
| LiNO3(s) |
-483.1 |
| LiOH(s) |
-487.5 |
| Mg(g) |
147.1 |
| Mg(OH)2(s) |
-924.5 |
| Mg(s) |
0 |
| MgBr2(s) |
-524.3 |
| MgCl2(s) |
-641.3 |
| MgF2(s) |
-1124.2 |
| MgO(s) |
-601.6 |
| MgS(s) |
-346 |
| MgSO4(s) |
-1284.9 |
| Mn(g) |
280.7 |
| Mn(s) |
0 |
| MnBr2(s) |
-384.9 |
| MnCl2(s) |
-481.3 |
| MnO(s) |
-385.2 |
| MnO2(s) |
-520 |
| MnO4-(aq) |
-541.4 |
| Mo(g) |
658.1 |
| Mo(s) |
0 |
| MoO2(s) |
-588.9 |
| MoO3(s) |
-745.1 |
| MoS2(s) |
-235.1 |
| MoS3(s) |
-364 |
| N(g) |
472.7 |
| N2(g) |
0 |
| N2H4(g) |
95.4 |
| N2H4(l) |
50.6 |
| N2O(g) |
81.6 |
| N2O4(g) |
11.1 |
| N2O4(l) |
-19.5 |
| Na(g) |
107.5 |
| Na(s) |
0 |
| Na+(aq) |
-240.2 |
| Na2CO3(s) |
-1130.7 |
| Na2O(s) |
-414.2 |
| Na2O2(s) |
-510.9 |
| Na2SO4(s) |
-1387.1 |
| NaBr(aq) |
-361.7 |
| NaBr(g) |
-143.1 |
| NaBr(s) |
-361.1 |
| NaCl(aq) |
-407.3 |
| NaCl(s) |
-411.2 |
| NaCN(s) |
-87.5 |
| NaF(aq) |
-572.8 |
| NaF(s) |
-576.6 |
| NaH(s) |
-56.3 |
| NaN3(s) |
21.7 |
| NaNO3(aq) |
-447.5 |
| NaNO3(s) |
-467.9 |
| NaO2(s) |
-260.2 |
| NaOH(s) |
-425.8 |
| Ne(g) |
0 |
| NF3(g) |
-132.1 |
| NH3(g) |
-45.9 |
| NH4+(aq) |
-133.3 |
| NH4Cl(s) |
-314.4 |
| NH4NO3(s) |
-365.6 |
| NH4OH(l) |
-361.2 |
| (NH4)2SO4(s) |
-1180.9 |
| Ni(g) |
429.7 |
| Ni(OH)2(s) |
-529.7 |
| Ni(s) |
0 |
| Ni2O3(s) |
-489.5 |
| NiBr2(s) |
-212.1 |
| NiCl2(s) |
-305.3 |
| NiF2(s) |
-651.4 |
| NO(g) |
91.3 |
| NO2(g) |
33.2 |
| O(g) |
249.2 |
| O2(g) |
0 |
| O3(g) |
142.7 |
| OH-(aq) |
-230 |
| Os(g) |
791 |
| Os(s) |
0 |
| OsO4(g) |
-337.2 |
| OsO4(s) |
-394.1 |
| P(g, white) |
316.5 |
| P(s, black) |
-39.3 |
| P(s, red) |
-17.6 |
| P(s, white) |
0 |
| P2(g) |
144 |
| P4(g) |
58.9 |
| Pb(g) |
195.2 |
| Pb(NO3)2(aq) |
-416.3 |
| Pb(NO3)2(s) |
-451.9 |
| Pb(s) |
0 |
| PbCl2(s) |
-359.4 |
| PbCO3(s) |
-699.1 |
| PbO(s, red or litharge) |
-219 |
| PbO(s, yellow or massicot) |
-217.3 |
| PbO2(s) |
-277.4 |
| PbS(s) |
-100.4 |
| PbSO4(s) |
-920 |
| PCl3(g) |
-287 |
| PCl3(l) |
-319.7 |
| PCl5(g) |
-374.9 |
| PH3(g) |
5.4 |
| POCl3(g) |
-558.5 |
| POCl3(l) |
-597.1 |
| Rb(g) |
80.9 |
| Rb(s) |
0 |
| RbCl(s) |
-435.4 |
| S(g, rhombic) |
277.2 |
| S(s, rhombic) |
0 |
| Se(g, gray) |
227.1 |
| Se(s, gray) |
0 |
| Si(g) |
450 |
| Si(s) |
0 |
| SiC(s, cubic) |
-65.3 |
| SiC(s, hexagonal) |
-62.8 |
| SiCl4(g) |
-657 |
| SiCl4(l) |
-687 |
| SiH4(g) |
34.3 |
| Sn(g, white) |
301 |
| Sn(s, gray) |
-2.1 |
| Sn(s, white) |
0 |
| SnCl4(g) |
-471.5 |
| SnCl4(l) |
-511.3 |
| SnO2(s) |
-557.6 |
| SO2(g) |
-296.8 |
| SO3(g) |
-395.7 |
| SO42-(aq) |
-909.3 |
| SOCl2(g) |
-212.5 |
| Ti(g) |
473 |
| Ti(s) |
0 |
| TiCl2(s) |
-513.8 |
| TiCl3(s) |
-720.9 |
| TiCl4(g) |
-763 |
| TiCl4(l) |
-804.2 |
| TiO2(s) |
-944 |
| U(g) |
533 |
| U(s) |
0 |
| UF4(g) |
-1598.7 |
| UF4(s) |
-1914.2 |
| UF6(g) |
-2147.4 |
| UF6(s) |
-2197 |
| UO2(g) |
-465.7 |
| UO2(s) |
-1085 |
| V(g) |
514.2 |
| V(s) |
0 |
| V2O5(s) |
-1550.6 |
| VCl3(s) |
-580.7 |
| VCl4(g) |
-525.5 |
| VCl4(l) |
-569.4 |
| Xe(g) |
0 |
| Zn(g) |
130.4 |
| Zn(NO3)2(s) |
-483.7 |
| Zn(s) |
0 |
| ZnBr2(s) |
-328.7 |
| ZnCl2(s) |
-415.1 |
| ZnF2(s) |
-764.4 |
| ZnI2(s) |
-208 |
| ZnS(s, sphalerite) |
-206 |
| ZnSO4(s) |
-982.8 |
| Zr(g) |
608.8 |
| Zr(s) |
0 |
| ZrCl2(s) |
-502 |
| ZrCl4(s) |
-980.5 |
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